Example: Composite floor – Android phone & iPhone

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Android phone or Apple iPhone step by step instructions

Detailed step by step instructions are presented for an Android phone or an iPhone. These assume xsec version 5.7 or later. There are separate step by step instruction for a Mac and PC.

At various points during the working of this example all the data can be saved by writing it to a file although this requires a new file name. Specific instructions for this are not included here. There are message dialogs associated with the Save facilities that should be self explanatory.

File names appear on various displays and message dialogs intended to indicate what job is being worked. They are simply the name of the last file either opened or saved.

Android phone, Apple iPhone differences

These instruction are intended for either an iPhone or an Android phone although these phones are not exactly the same. Notes to accommodate the differences are included.

The main display has buttons labeled “F”, “M”, “C”, “L” and “T” that appear across the bottom on an iPhone and across the top on an Android phone. These are referred to as “tab item buttons”.

The virtual keyboard, like most keyboards, has a particular key in the bottom right corner often called the “Enter key” or “return key”. With the Android phone this key is labelled with a variety of names; “Done”, “Go”, “Next” or whatever. Nevertheless here it is referred to as the “return key”.

The application includes various buttons that invoke various functions. Each of these has text to indicate the nature of the function. With an iPhone this text is blue on the general background of the display; there being no outline shape of the button. A tap on the blue text is a tap on the button. In contrast the buttons on an Android phone are a gray rectangle and the text is black.

There are selection boxes. A tap causes a drop-down list of alternatives to appear. On an iPhone these have black text of a slightly smaller font on a white rectangle. On an Android phone the text is black of normal size but there is a gray underline and at the right hand end is a down pointing triangle.

Stage 1

In a precasting factory 16 prestressing strands were jacked to a strain of 0.005 270 and the concrete for the rib was placed about them.

1-1         Start the application

1-2         On the main Files tab tap ~MAT1.XSF. A note “~MAT1.XSF is open” should appear below the file list.

1-3         Tap the “C” tab item button to change the display to the Components list. The components list should be empty.

1-4         Tap the button “Import component from another XSF file” that is near the bottom of the display. A file list headed “Import Source” should appear.

1-5         On that file list tap on “~GEOMET.xsf”. A note “~GEOMET.XSF is selected” should appear below the list and the next “>” button at the top right corner of the display should become visible.

1-6         Tap that next “>” button. A list headed “Components to import” should appear.

1-7         Tap on “Rib strand” in that list. The item “Rib strand” should disappear from the list.

1-8         Tap the back “<” button in the top left corner to return to the Components list that should include the “Rib strand” item.

1-9         Tap the “L” tab item button to change the display to the Load cases list which should be empty.

1-10       Tap the “+” near the top right corner of the display to add a new load case. Grey text “Enter the name of a load case” should appear at the top of the list. Tap on that grey text and a virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

1-11       Key in the name “Jacking”. The first keyed character should replace the grey text. Finish with the return. The virtual key board should disappear with a new item “Jacking” in the Load cases list.

1-12       Tap on “Jacking” in the load cases list. A message dialog should appear headed “Geometry error” and asking “Continue anyway?”; there being “Yes” and “No” buttons.

1-13       Tap on the Yes button. The message dialog should disappear leaving a load case edit display. (This error was expected. We have no shape component to contain the points in Rib strand.)

1-14       There is a label “Method =” with an associated selection box containing a method name (probably “Ultimate bending moment”). Tap on that method name to reveal a list of method names.

1-15       Select the method “Utility:- Curvatures and one strain”. On the iphone it is necessary to tap on “Done” to action the selection.

1-16       See that:

  • The reference axes are X = 0.0, Y = 0.0 and Angle = 180.00 degrees.
  • The Concrete displaced by bars switch is on.
  • The restrained about other axis switch is on
  • The maximum iterations is say 2000.

1-17       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “Jacking” load case edit display.

1-18       Tap on the number with the blue glow adjacent to the label “Axial strain =”. The number should change to have a green glow and a virtual key board should appear..

1-19       Use the key board to change the number to 5.27. That means the axial strain is to be 5.27 x10-3. Also see that both the curvatures are zero.

1-20       Tap on the “Compute loading” button. The display below that text should change to indicate a loading. The axial load shown (1.6639 MN) is the total tension that needs to be sustained by the pretensioning bed.

1-21       Tap on the back “<” button in the top left corner to return to the first “Jacking” load case edit display.

1-22       Tap on the “Adopt this load case as at a stage” button. A message dialog headed “Confirm” with Yes and No buttons should appear. Tap “Yes”. A further message dialog should appear saying “Load case result adopted as stage distortion in components”. Tap “OK”.

1-23       Tap on the back “<” button in the top left corner to return to the load cases list.

1-24       Tap on the “C” tab item button to change to the Components list.

1-25       Tap on the ”Import component from another XSF” button. A list of files headed “Import source’” should appear.

1-26       Tap on ~GEOMET.XSF in that list and a note “~GEOMET.XSF is selected” should appear below the list.

1-27       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner. A list headed “Components to import” should appear.

1-28       In that list tap on “Rib YD20” and “Rib”. In response to each tap the component should disappear from  the list.

1-29       Tap on the back “<” button in the top left corner to return to the main Components list. This should contain three components; “Rib strand”, “Rib YD20” and “Rib”.

This completes Stage 1

Stage 2

After 18 hours the rib concrete had set. In the wet environment provided in the factory there was no concrete shrinkage. The newly set concrete had no distortion: the stage distortion was only the 0.005270 in the strands.

The strands were released and the rib was lifted and stacked in the yard supported I.000 m from each end. At 3.100 m from the end the moment from the self weight was 52.7 kNm.

Stage 2 can follow on from stage 1 in which case the initial steps described here are not necessary. Simply go to step 3. Steps 1 and 2 are necessary if computations are to start at stage 2.

2-1         Start the application

2-2         On the main Files tab tap ~STAGE1.xsf. A note “~STAGE1.xsf is open” should appear below the file list.

2-3         Tap the “L”tab item button to change the display to the Load cases list which should have one item “Jacking”.

2-4         Tap the “+” near the top right corner of the display to add a new load case. Grey text “Enter the name of a load case” should appear at the top of the list. Tap on that grey text and a virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

2-5         Key in the name “Stacked in yard”. The first keyed character should replace the grey text. Finish with the return key. The virtual key board should disappear with a new item “Stacked in yard”in the Load cases list.

2-6         Tap on “Stacked in yard” in the load cases list. A load case edit display should appear.

2-7         There is a label “Method =” and an associated selection box containing a method name (probably “Ultimate bending moment”). Tap on that method name to reveal a list of method names.

2-8         Select the method ““Utility:- Curvatures and axial load”. On an iPhone tap on “Done” to complete the selection.

2-9         See that :

  • The reference axes are X = 0.0, Y = 0.0 and Angle = 180.00 degrees.
  • The Concrete displaced by bars switch is on.
  • The restrained about other axis switch is on
  • The maximum iterations is say 2000.

2-10       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “Stacked in yard” load case edit display.

2-11       See that:

  • The axial load is zero
  • The axial load tolerance is 1.0 N.
  • The curvature – other axis is zero (The curvature – reference axis is to be the subject of trial and adjustment).
  • The first estimate strain is set to zero and the x and y are reasonable, representing a location in or near the cross-section, say both zeros.
  • The strain increment is 0.05 x10-3.
  • Set the “Ignore first estimate” switch to off.
  • On an iPhone see that the “Auto start computations” and “Auto close progress display” switches are both on. These switches are not visible on an Android phone.

2-12       Manual trial and adjustment on the reference axis curvature is required to find the curvature corresponding to the self weight moment of 52.7 kNm. For each trial:

  • set the reference axis curvature value to a trial value,
  • tap the ”next >” in the top right corner to invoke the computation. A result should be displayed,
  • compare the resulting reference axis bending moment with the 52.7 kNm objective,
  • tap the ”< back” button in the top left corner twice to return to the display where the reference axis curvature can be adjusted for the next cycle.

If you have a good first estimate for the curvature use it. The following assumes no first estimate is available and so zero is used.

Manual trial and adjustment on the reference axis curvature:-

a             Zero curvature gives a moment of 205.94 kNm which is greater than 52.7 kNm. This positive error suggests the adjustment should be negative.

b             Try -1.0 x10-3/m gives 91.842 kNm still greater than 52.7 kNm. Nevertheless 91.842 kNm is closer to the objective 52.7 kNm than 205.94 kNm indicating that the negative increment in curvature was in the desired direction.

c             Try -2.0 x10-3/m gives 4.17 kNm which is less than 52.7 kNm so the objective is between -1.0 and -2.0 x10-3/m.

d             Try -1.5 x10-3/m gives 38.81 kNm still less than 52.7 kNm

e             Try -1.4 x10-3/m gives 47.825 kNm still less than 52.7 kNm

f              Try -1.3 x10-3/m gives 57.863 kNm which is greater than 52.7 kNm so the objective is between -1.3 and –1.4 x10-3/m.

g             Try -1.35 x10-3/m gives 52.705 kNm which is close to 52.7 kNm

2-13       With the result of the final cycle in the display tap on the “next >” button. A more elaborate display of the same result should appear. Then tap on the “next >” button again to get a display of the details of each corner and each point.

2-14       This display has a label “Component=” with an associcated selection box containing the name of a component. Tap on that component name to reveal a list of component names. On that list select “Rib strand”. On an iPhone tap on “done” to complete the selection.

2-15       Below the component name are “< back” and “next >” buttons at the left and right hand sides respectively. These are used to select the particular corner or point displayed. In the “Rib strand” component the lowest points have Y= -700.0 mm. Observe that with these points the stress-strain had reduced to 0.00469. The highest points have Y= -300.0 mm. Observe that with these points the stress-strain had reduced to 0.00523.

2-16       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner four times to return to the Load case list.

This completes stage 2.

Stage 3

After 28 days stacked in the yard the following time affects had occurred:

  • Relaxation in the strand of 8%.
  • Shrinkage in the concrete of 0.0001.
  • Creep in the concrete with a creep coefficient of 0.96.

Stage 3 can follow on from stage 2 in which case the initial steps described here are not necessary. Simply go to step 3. Steps 1 and 2 are necessary if computations are to start at stage 3.

3-1         Start the application

3-2         On the main Files tab tap ~STAGE2.XSF. A note “~STAGE2.XSF is open” should appear below the file list.

3-3         Tap on the “T” tab item button. The display should change to the “Time affect sets” list which should be empty.

3-4         Tap on the “+” button near the top right corner. The words “Enter the name of a Time affect Set” should appear in grey text at the top of the list.

3-5         Tap on that grey text. A virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

3-6         Key in “Stacked in yard” finishing with the return key. The virtual keyboard should disappear and the name “Stacked in yard” should appear in the Time affects sets list.

3-7         Tap on that name. A Time affects set edit display should appear.

3-8         The display includes a label “Creep load =” with an associated selection box containing “No affect”. Tap on that “No affect” to reveal a list of load case names. Select “Stacked in yard”. On an iPhone tap on “Done” to complete the selection.

3-9         The display also includes a label “Component=” with an associated selection box containing the name of a component and below that provision for a creep coefficient and a shrinkage value. For each component:

a             Tap on the displayed component name to reveal a list of all the component names.

b             Select the particular component name and, if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

c             Change the creep coefficient and shrinkage values to the desired values.

The desired values are:

“Rib strand” creep coefficient = 0.08 to represent the relaxation and zero shrinkage.

“Rib” creep coefficient = 0.96 and shrinkage = 0.1 x10-3.

“Rib YD20” both the creep coefficient and shrinkage are zero.

3-10       Tap on the “Apply this set” button. A Confirm dialogue with “yes” and “no” buttons should appear. Tap on “yes”.

3-11       An information dialogue with “Time affects have been applied to components” and an ok button should appear. Tap on the ok button. However, possibly instead of this information dialogue and error dialogue will appear indicating that the load case result is not current. In this case tap the ok button, then return to the Load Case list and redo the “Stacked in yard” load case as described in steps 2-6 to 2-12 before returning to this Time affects set to try “Apply this set” again.

3-12       During the 28 days the material properties would change. The materials in ~MAT3.xsf represent the materials at that 28 days. Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner to return to the Time affects sets list and then tap the “M” tab item button to change to the Materials list.

3-13       Tap on the “Import materials from another XSF file” button. A list of file names headed “Import source” should appear.

3-14       Tap on “~MAT3.XSF”. A note “~MAT3.XSF is selected” should appear below the list.

3-15       Tap on the “Overwrite all materials” button. An information dialogue should appear indicating that the materials have been overwritten. Tap the ok button.

The rib was moved to site and placed in position with temporary supports 1.00 m from each end. Then a mid-span temporary prop produced a mid span deflection of 53 mm above the end supports.

The infill panels were put in place and the topping concrete cast.

The bending moment at the subject cross-section (3.100 m from the end) caused by the self weight, the weight of the infill panels and the wet topping concrete was 21.6 kNm. This is of interest because it was the bending moment at the instant the topping concrete set.

3-16       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner to return to the main materials list then tap the “L” tab item button to change to the Load cases list..

3-17       Tap the “+” near the top right corner of the display to add a new load case. Grey text “Enter the name of a load case” should appear at the top of the list. Tap on that grey text and a virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

3-18       Key in the name ““When topping cast”. The first keyed character should replace the grey text. Finish with the return key. The virtual key board should disappear with a new item “When topping cast” in the Load cases list.

3-19       Tap on “When topping cast” in the load cases list. A load case edit display should appear.

3-20       There is a label “Method =” and an associated selection box containing a method name (probably “Ultimate bending moment”). Tap on that method name to reveal a list of method names.

3-21       Select the method “Utility:- Curvatures and axial load” and if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

3-22       See that :

  • The reference axes are X = 0.0, Y = 0.0 and Angle = 180.00 degrees.
  • The Concrete displaced by bars switch is on.
  • The restrained about other axis switch is on
  • The maximum iterations is say 2000.

3-23       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “When topping cast” load case edit display.

3-24       See that:

  • The axial load is zero
  • The axial load tolerance is 1.0 N.
  • The curvature – other axis (Cur. other ax.=) is zero. The curvature – reference axis (Cur. ref. ax.=) is to be the subject of trial and adjustment.
  • The first estimate strain is set to zero and the x and y are reasonable, representing a location in or near the cross-section, say both zeros.
  • The strain increment is 0.05 x10-3.
  • Set the “Ignore first estimate” switch to off.
  • If using an iPhone see that the “Auto start computations” and “Auto close progress display” switches are both on. These switches are not visible on an Android phone.

3-25       Manual trial and adjustment on the reference axis curvature (Cur. ref. ax.) is required to find the curvature corresponding to the self weight moment of 21.6 kNm. For each trial:

  • set the Cur. ref. ax. to a trial value,
  • tap the ”next >” in the top right corner to invoke the computation. A result should be displayed,
  • compare the result reference axis bending moment (Mon. ref. ax.) with the 21.6 kNm objective,
  • tap the ”< back” button in the top left corner twice to return to the display where the Cur. ref. ax. can be adjusted for the next cycle.

The curvature found in Step 2-12 is used as the first estimate. That is -1.35 x10-3/m.

Manual trial and adjustment on the reference axis curvature:-

a             -1.35 x10-3 /m gives a moment of 155.14 kNm which is greater than 21.6 kNm. This positive error suggests the adjustment should be negative.

b             Try -2.00 x10-3 /m gives a moment of 58.073 kNm which is greater than 21.6 kNm. This positive error suggests a further adjustment should be negative.

c             Try -3.00 x10-3 /m gives a moment of -25.135 kNm which is less than 21.6 kNm. This indicates the objective is between-2.00 and -3.00.

d             Try -2.50 x10-3 /m gives a moment of 3.7808 kNm which is less than 21.6 kNm. This indicates the objective is between-2.00 and -2.50.

e             Try -2.25 x10-3/m gives 25.779 kNm still greater than 21.6 kNm. This indicates the objective is between-2.25 and -2.50.

f              Try -2.3 x10-3/m gives 20.732 kNm which is less 21.6 kNm but indicates the objective is between-2.25 and -2.30. .

g             Try -2.28 x10-3/m gives 22.711 kNm which is greater than 21.6 kNm

h             Try -2.29 x10-3/m gives 21.719 kNm still greater than 21.6 kNm. This indicates the objective is between-2.29 and -2.30.

i              Try -2.295 x10-3/m gives 21.229 kNm which is less than 21.6 kNm

j              Try -2.292 x10-3/m gives 21.523 kNm which is less than 21.6 kNm

k             Try -2.291 x10-3/m gives 21.621 kNm which is close to 21.6 kNm

3-26       With the result of the final cycle in the display tap on the “next >” button. A more elaborate display of the same result should appear. Then tap on the “next >” button again to get a display of the details of each corner and each point.

3-27       This display has a label “Component=” with an associated selection box containing the name of a component. Tap on that component name to reveal a list of component names. On that list select “Rib strand” and if using an iPhone tap on “done”.

3-28       Below the component name are “< back” and “next >” buttons at the left and right hand sides respectively. These are used to select the particular corner or point displayed. In the “Rib strand” component the lowest points have Y= -700.0 mm. Observe that with these points the stress-strain had reduced to 0.00385. The highest points have Y= -300.0 mm. Observe that with these points the stress-strain had reduced to 0.00473.

3-29       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner three time to return to the first display of the “When topping cast” load case edit display.

3-30       Tap on the “Adopt this load case as at a stage” button. A confirm dialogue with yes and no buttons should appear.

3-31       Tap the yes button. An information dialogue with an ok button should appear indicating that the load case result has been adopted as the stage distortion in components. Tap the ok button. However, possibly instead of that information dialogue an error dialogue could appear indicating the result was not current. In this case tap the ok button then repeat from step 3-19.

3-32       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner to return to the Load case list.

This completes stage 3.

Stage 4

The topping concrete set so that the infill panels, the topping concrete and the steel embedded in them became part of the structural member. At that instant it is assumed there was no stress or distortion in these added components and also they were not subject to any load.

After three days there was shrinkage in the topping concrete of 0.0001. Other time affects during that three days were negligible.

The topping concrete description in the ~MAT3.XSF file was appropriate for the concrete three days old.

On that third day the mid span prop and temporary supports were removed so that the member deflected downwards and the bending moment at the subject cross-section increased to 269.4 kNm. The distortion under this bending moment is of interest because it is used to assess the creep during the next few months.

Stage 4 can follow on from stage 3 in which case the initial steps described here are not necessary. Simply go to step 4-3. Steps 4-1 and 4-2 are necessary if computations are to start at stage 4.

4-1         Start the application

4-2         On the main Files tab tap ~STAGE3.XSF. A note “~STAGE3.XSF is open” should appear below the file list.

4-3         Tap on the “C” tab item button to change to the Components list.

4-4         Tap on the ”Import component from another XSF” button. A list of files headed “Import source’” should appear.

4-5         Tap on ~GEOMET.XSF in that list and a note “~GEOMET.XSF is selected” should appear below the list.

4-6         Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner. A list headed “Components to import” should appear.

4-7         In that list tap on the name of each component to be imported. In response to each tap the component should disappear from the list. Components to import are:

  • Right infill
  • Left infill
  • infill wires
  • Topping
  • Topping YD12
  • Topping 662 mesh

4-8         Tap on the back “<” button in the top left corner to return to the main Components list. This should include the imported components names.

4-9         Tap on the “T” tab item button to change to the list of Time Affects Sets. The display should change to the “Time affect sets” list which should have one item “Stacked in yard”.

4-10       Tap on the “+” button near the top right corner. The words “Enter the name of a Time affect Set” should appear in grey text at the top of the list.

4-11       Tap on that grey text. A virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

4-12       Key in “Before props removed” finishing with the return key. The virtual keyboard should disappear and the name “Before props removed” should appear in the Time affects sets list.

4-13       Tap on that name. A Time affects set edit display should appear.

4-14       See that the Creep load = No affect.

4-15       The display also includes a label “Component=” with an associated selection box containing the name of a component and below that provision for a creep coefficient and a shrinkage value. Tap on the displayed component name to reveal a list of all the component names.

4-16       In that list select “Topping” and if using an iPhone  tap on “Done”.

4-17       See that the creep coefficient is zero and set the shrinkage value to 0.1 x10-3.

All the other components are to have zero for both the creep coefficient and shrinkage. As zero is the default value for both these parameters no action is required for these other components.

4-18       Tap on the “Apply this set” button. A Confirmation dialogue with ‘yes’ and ‘no’ buttons should appear. Tap on yes.

4-19       An information dialogue with “Time affects have been applied to components” and an ok button should appear. Tap on the ok button.

4-20       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner to return to the Time affect sets list.

4-21       Tap the “L” tab item button to change to the Load cases list.

4-22       Tap the “+” near the top right corner of the display to add a new load case. Grey text “Enter the name of a load case” should appear at the top of the list. Tap on that grey text and a virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

4-23       Key in the name “When props removed”. The first keyed character should replace the grey text. Finish with the return key. The virtual key board should disappear with a new item “When props removed” in the Load cases list.

4-24       Tap on “When props removed” in the load cases list. A load case edit display should appear.

4-25       There is a label “Method =” and an associated box containing a method name (probably “Ultimate bending moment”). Tap on that method name to reveal a list of method names.

4-26       Select the method “Given bending moment” and if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

4-27       See that :

  • The reference axes are X = 0.0, Y = 0.0 and Angle = 180.00 degrees.
  • The Concrete displaced by bars switch is on.
  • The restrained about other axis switch is off. (At the time of writing the Given Bending Moment method had not been implemented for the restrained case. As the cross-section is symmetrical this does not affect the result.)
  • The maximum iterations is say 2000.

4-28       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “When props removed” load case edit display.

4-29       On that display:

  • Set the axial load to zero
  • Set the axial load tolerance to 1.0 N.
  • Set the bending moment to 269.4 kNm
  • Set the bending moment tolerance to 1.0 Nm
  • Set the “Ignore first estimate” switch to on.
  • See that the first estimate cur. deviation is set to zero and the increment to 5.0 degrees.

4-30       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “When props removed” load case edit display.

4-31       On that display:

  • See that the first estimate strain is set to zero and the x and y are zeros.
  • See that the strain increment is 0.5 x10-3.
  • If using an iPhone see that the “Auto start computations” and “Auto close progress display” switches are both on. These switches are not visible on an Android phone.

4-32       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “When props removed” load case edit display. This also should start the computations.

The computations should continue for about 220 iterations and then the next display should automatically appear with the resulting values for the six variables.

4-33       Tap on the “next >” button. A more elaborate display of the same result should appear. Then tap on the “next >” button again to get a display of the details of each corner and each point.

4-34       This display has a label “Component=” with an associated selection box containing the name of a component. Tap on that component name to reveal a list of component names. On that list select “Rib strand”. If on an iPhone tap on “done”.

4-35       Below the component name are “< back” and “next >” buttons at the left and right hand sides respectively. These are used to select the particular corner or point displayed. In the “Rib strand” component the lowest points have Y= -700.0 mm. Observe that with these points the stress-strain had changed to 0.004007. The highest points have Y= -300.0 mm. Observe that with these points the stress-strain had changed to 0.004708.

4-36       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner five times to return to the Load case list.

This completes stage 4.

Stage 5

The final stage in the computations is to assess the behavior several months later. It was assumed that in all the concrete components there was further shrinkage of 0.0002 and creep with a creep coefficient of 1.44. Also the concrete properties changed to represent older concrete. ~MAT5.XSF contains the appropriate material descriptions.

Stage 5 can follow on from stage 4 in which case the initial steps described here are not necessary. Simply go to step 3. Steps 1 and 2 are necessary if computations are to start at stage 5.

5-1         Start the application

5-2         On the main Files tab tap ~STAGE4.XSF. A note “~STAGE4.XSF is open” should appear below the file list.

5-3         Tap on the “T” tab item button. The display should change to the “Time affect sets” list.

5-4         Tap on the “+” button near the top right corner. The words “Enter the name of a Time affect Set” should appear in grey text at the top of the list.

5-5         Tap on that grey text. A virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

5-6         Key in “After props removed” finishing with the return key. The virtual keyboard should disappear and the name “After props removed” should appear in the Time affects sets list.

5-7         Tap on that name. A Time affects set edit display should appear.

5-8         The display includes a label “Creep load =” with an associated selection box containing “No affect”. Tap on that “No affect” to reveal a list of load case names. Select “When props removed” and if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

5-9         The display also includes a label “Component=” with an associated selection box containing the name of a component and below that provision for a creep coefficient and a shrinkage value. For each component:

a             Tap on the displayed component name to reveal a list of all the component names.

b             Select the particular component name and if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

c             Change the creep coefficient and shrinkage values to the desired values.

For each of the concrete component set the creep coefficient to 1.44 and a shrinkage to 0.200 x10-3. The concrete components are:

  • Rib
  • Left infill
  • Right infill
  • Topping

For all the other components both the creep coefficient and the shrinkage value are to be zero. As zero is the default value for both these parameters no action is needed.

5-10       Tap on the “Apply this set” button. A Confirm dialogue with yes and no buttons should appear. Tap on yes.

5-11       An information dialogue with “Time affects have been applied to components” and an ok button should appear. Tap on the ok button. However, possibly instead of this information dialogue and error dialogue will appear indicating that the load case result is not current. In this case tap the ok button, then return to the Load Case list and redo the “When props removed” load case as described in steps 4-24 to 4-32 before returning to this Time affects set to try “Apply this set” again.

5-12       During those months the material properties would change. The materials in ~MAT5.xsf represent the materials at the end of those months. Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner to return to the Time affects sets list and then tap the “M” tab item button to change to the Materials list.

5-13       Tap on the “Import materials from another XSF file” button. A list of file names headed “Import source” should appear.

5-14       Tap on “~MAT5.XSF”. A note “~MAT5.XSF is selected” should appear below the list.

5-15       Tap on the “Overwrite all materials” button. An information dialogue should appear indicating that the materials have been overwritten. Tap the ok button.

5-16       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner to return to the main materials list.

With a superimposed dead load of 2.5 kPa and a live load of 8.0 kPa the bending moment at the subject cross-section was 546.66 kNm.

5-17       Tap the “L” tab item button to change to the Load cases list.

5-18       Tap the “+” near the top right corner of the display to add a new load case. Grey text “Enter the name of a load case” should appear at the top of the list. Tap on that grey text and a virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

5-19       Key in the name “Service G+Q”. The first keyed character should replace the grey text. Finish with the return key. The virtual key board should disappear with a new item “Service G+Q” in the Load cases list.

5-20       Tap on “Service G+Q” in the load cases list. A load case edit display should appear.

5-21       There is a label “Method =” and an associated selection box containing a method name (probably “Ultimate bending moment”). Tap on that method name to reveal a list of method names.

5-22       Select the method “Given bending moment” and if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

5-23       See that :

  • The reference axes are X = 0.0, Y = 0.0 and Angle = 180.00 degrees.
  • The Concrete displaced by bars switch is on.
  • The restrained about other axis switch is off. (At the time of writing the Given Bending Moment method had not been implemented for the restrained case. As the cross-section is symmetrical this does not affect the result.)
  • The maximum iterations is say 2000.

5-24       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “Given bending moment” load case edit display.

5-25       On that dispay:

  • Set the axial load to zero
  • Set the axial load tolerance to 1.0 N.
  • Set the bending moment to 546.66 kNm
  • Set the bending moment tolerance to 1.0 Nm
  • Set the “Ignore first estimate” switch to on.
  • See that the first estimate cur. deviation is set to zero and the increment to 5.0 degrees.

5-26       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “Given bending moment” load case edit display.

5-27       On that display:

  • See that the first estimate strain is set to zero and the x and y are zeros.
  • See that the strain increment is 0.5 x10-3.
  • If using an iPhone see that the “Auto start computations” and “Auto close progress display” switches are both on. These switches are not visible on an Android phone.

5-28       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next load case edit display. This also should start the computations.

The computations should continue for about 260 iterations and then the next display should automatically appear with the resulting values for the six variables.

5-29       Tap on the “next >” button. A more elaborate display of the same result should appear. The curvature about the reference axis could be used in assessments of the deflection. Tap on the “next >” button again to get a display of the details of each corner and each point.

5-30       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner five times to return to the Load case list.

5-31       Tap the “+” near the top right corner of the display to add a new load case. Grey text “Enter the name of a load case” should appear at the top of the list. Tap on that grey text and a virtual keyboard should appear at the bottom of the display.

5-32       Key in the name “Ultimate”. The first keyed character should replace the grey text. Finish with the return key. The virtual key board should disappear with a new item “Ultimate” in the Load cases list.

5-33       Tap on “Ultimate” in the load cases list. A load case edit display should appear.

5-34       There is a label “Method =” and an associated selection box containing a method name. Tap on that method name to reveal a list of method names.

5-35       Select the method “Ultimate bending moment” and if using an iPhone tap on “Done”.

5-36       See that :

  • The reference axes are X = 0.0, Y = 0.0 and Angle = 180.00 degrees.
  • The Concrete displaced by bars switch is on.
  • The restrained about other axis switch is on.
  • The maximum iterations is say 2000.

5-37       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “Ultimate” loadcase edit display.

5-38       On that display:

  • Set the axial load to zero
  • Set the axial load tolerance to 1.0 N.
  • If using an iPhone see that the “Auto start computations” and “Auto close progress display” switches are both on. These switches are not visible on an Android phone.

5-39       Tap on the next “>” button in the top right corner to change to the next “Ultimate” load case edit display. This also should start the computations.

After a few iterations the next display should automatically appear with the resulting values for the six parameters.

Note the ultimate bending moment is 1.87 MNm

5-40       Tap the “< back” button in the top left corner four times to return to the Load case list.

5-41       Tap the “F” button at the bottom to reveal the main files display.

This completes stage 5.